Cook linguine in well-salted boiling water until al dente. Reserve 1 cup pasta water and drain.
Season chicken with salt, pepper, and paprika.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook chicken until golden and cooked through. Remove and slice.
Reduce heat to medium. Melt butter in the same skillet and add garlic. Cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Stir in paprika, red pepper flakes, and lemon juice.
Add linguine to the skillet and toss, adding reserved pasta water gradually until sauce is glossy.
Return chicken to the pan and toss with parsley until evenly coated.
Taste and adjust seasoning. Serve immediately.